🔥 Thermodynamics — heat splits into internal energy and work
Pour heat Q into a gas held at constant pressure. Part of it raises the internal energy ΔU (the molecules move faster, T rises) and part leaves as work W as the gas pushes the piston out. The books always balance: Q = ΔU + W.
A gas sits in a cylinder; its molecules bounce off the walls — that is its pressure.
monatomic gas: W = 0.4·Q = — J · ΔU = 0.6·Q = — J
Q = ΔU + W · temperature T = — K