🔵 Bohr's quantised orbits — radius grows as n², shrinks as Z

Only certain circular orbits are allowed. Their radii step up as n squared and pull in as the nuclear charge rises. Read the radius, energy and speed for the orbit you pick.

Walkthrough 1 / 3

Step 1 — the nucleus alone, carrying charge +Ze.

Orbit number n 2

Nuclear charge Z 1

Orbit rate 0.60

n = 2 · Z = 1 · r_n = 2.12 Å
E_n = -3.40 eV · v_n = 1.09×10⁶ m/s

r_n ∝ n²/Z · a₀ = 0.529 Å
higher Z → every orbit pulled in tighter

Animation speed 1.0×